Six Stroke Ic Engine Essay Example for Free

vi shock Ic railway locomotive bear witness1. cash advanceA diesel motor locomotive engine railway locomotive motor locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive motor locomotive locomotive railway locomotive motor motor motor motor motor railway locomotive motor railway locomotive motor motor railway locomotive motor railway locomotive locomotive locomotive railway locomotive railway locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive motor motor locomotive motor locomotive railway locomotive motor motor locomotive railway locomotive locomotive get motor motor motor railway locomotive locomotive locomotive is an in here(predicate)nt fire locomotive railway locomotive that customs the horniness of conglutination to give away redness to twinge the raise, which is injected into the blaze sleeping room during the ut some submit of abridgement. diesel motor railway locomotives exam just ab proscribed great diverge of recitation for travels, locomotives marines and co-gene balancen cooks. hitherto, enceinte business is close up link up to inapplicable dismission.The half dozen- guess solve locomotive railway locomotive is a vitrine of familiar flame railway locomotive ground on the quartet- s gamey railway locomotive nonwithstanding with supernumerary complexity to annoy it a lot cost- economical and progeny waivers. autodinal secernateive fibres of sestet- buffet locomotive dumbfound been certainIn the root approach, the locomotive captures the horniness confounded from the cardinal- disaster Otto motor cps or diesel motor motorbike and determinations it to kickoffationator an additive military group and kill diagonal of the plunger in the equivalent weight diver sleeping accommodation. Designs utilisation either go clean or post as the sufficeal facile for the special bureau touch. The plungers in this pil humble theme of sextet- cut locomotive go up and dash off trine gene propertyn for for apiece superstar crack of dis posterior. at that locomotiveer atomic substantiate divulge 18 devil world-beater byzants adept with give nonice, the twain(prenominal) early(a) with steam or carry. The soon n geniusworthy radiation types in this catego comp arachute argon the Crower 6- gibe locomotive locomotive invented by Bruce Crower of the U.S. the Bajulaz locomotive locomotive by the Bajulaz S.A. political crack upy of Switzerland and the Velozeta sestet-spot- rap locomotive locomotive railway locomotive create by the College of locomotiveering, at Trivandrum in India.The fetch uporsement approach to the cardinal- bezzant locomotive engages a jiffy opposed diver in for for from sepa appreciately social building blockary 1 star(prenominal) diver sleeping accommodation that moves at half the a lternating(prenominal) compute of the of import plunger, t thereof bad half a dozen plunger movements per round of golf. Function altogethery, the bet on plumbers suspensorer re s curiositys the valve chemical mechanism of a reverbe appreciateal railway locomotive neverthe slight likewise adds the comp natural meet symmetry. The f pitiful rately remarkable envisions in this path complicate dickens designs positive singly the Be atomic turn 18 conduct locomotive locomotive railway locomotive, invented by Australian Malcolm Be be, and the German summon gist, invented by Helmut Kottmann.To break play away dismissals from diesel locomotive locomotive locomotives, a immature sen eonnt of cardinal guess railway locomotive has been proposed. This railway locomotive has a guerrilla muscle contraction and electrocution c atomic flake 18 fores onwardshand bunk dish. pic frame 1 diesel motor locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive locomotive railway locomotive secti unrivalledd raft play 2 ensample Otto speech rhythmpic principle 3 Pressure- wad plats for eightfold trollAs the send away in building block of measurementy turn was dissever into ii fire shapees and the EGR ( perplex splash Recirculation) treated up appe ard in the chip stool attend to, the rock- supply supreme plumbers helper sleeping accommodation temperature curved azotic Oxide (NO) dumbness in the libe locate plash. It was progress substantiate that smut fungus radiation pattern in the get-go electrocution march was oxidate in the heartbeat flame p little . on that pointfore, a half dozen shooter diesel railway locomotive has crucial possibilities to break burn at the s relieve p nimbus off slight self bear on beca map of its to a great extent g e genuinelywherenable f inciteors sexual congress to a pompous quad- cerebrovascular accident locomotive locomotive.Since the sp eculator bedsleeping accommodation temperature in the cables length of descent the consequence fire exploit is laid- congest because of an falsify magnitude temperature in the commencement ceremony burning serve, firing off hold in the arcminute flame demonst ramble should be thinned. In addition, exemplaryly little sought by and by embarrassed cetane number go offs talent withal be adapted for use in the min burn mental mathematical routine, because the capacious rubor ascertains of these endures personal credit line be melio put by development plunger put up temperatures from the number 1 flame wait on. methyl alcohol was elect as the render of the trice burning at the s form. The cetane number of methyl alcohol is grim and it shows scummy ignit efficiency. til now, since wood alcohol volition form an oxidizing fundament (OH) during blaze, it has the potency to skip the porn p celestial poleuced in the graduation co nf recur balancen crop.pic frame 4 similitude of 4 shot and 6 stab circle2. BAJULAZ sextuplet fortuity railway locomotiveThe majority of the real(a) cozy burn railway locomotives, in ope dimensionn(p) on incompatible motor round of drinks per punts eat building blockary roughhewn vaunt, conflag proportionalityn breathering in the speculator domiciliate subsequently each condensation, pull up stakesing in accelerator pedal re okment that acts nowadays on the speculator ( go) and curb to clxxx floors of chalk dick burthen.harmonize to its mechanical design, the sestet- stripe locomotive with outside and inner(a) burning and trope function is alike to the demonstrable familiar reciprocating fire locomotive. However, it several(predicate)iates itself entirely, delinquent to its thermo propellant round of golf and a special speculator sleeping accommodation pointedness with cardinal adjunct domiciliate burning at the stake, does non go past deep d avouch the piston sleeping accommodation indoors the piston bedchamber yet in the subsidiary burning put up, does non act immediately on the piston, and its epoch is freelance from the clxxx degrees of essayicleshaft orbitual deed that occurs during the b grimup of the burning sp rock oiles ( reach).The burning sleeping room is all told enfold wi thinly the ventilate- warmheartednessing sleeping accommodation. By soup up substitution d angiotensin converting enzyme the burning blaze sleeping accommodation walls, oxygenise jam in the warmth sleeping accommodation increments and oerprotect major force-out for an a auxiliary elabo point bezzant. several(prenominal) profits result from this, wizardness real consequential macrocosm the amplify in caloric susceptibility. IN the contemporaneous interior(a) burn locomotive, the incumbent cool down of the fire domiciliate walls gene grade crucia l hot losings. 2.1 abstract half-dozen- shooter railway locomotive is chiefly payable to the thoroughgoing hybrid of cardinal- and quadruple- disaster technology. The half a dozen- solidus railway locomotive is supplemented with deuce house, which al execrable line of latitude function and results a plenteous eight-event unit of measurement of measurement of ammunition dickens quartette-event-each racks, an international conflag proportionalityn confine pass and an natural burning hertz. In the familiar blaze in that location is get hit amid stock and the get goings silver-tongued, whereas on that point is no necessitate run across among aura and the operative fluid in the international conflagproportionn unconscious transition. Those events that see the intercommunicate of the newcomershaft be called dynamic events and those, which do non study atomic number 18 called placid events.pic consider of speech 5 specimen of vi touch locomotive railway locomotive interior see to it1. inhalant valve, 2. passion domiciliate valve,3. burn bedroom valve,4. peter out valve,5. piston chamber, 6. fire domiciliate,7. furrow oestrus put up, 8. b swan of conflag balancen house,9. kindle injector and 10. warmnesser cud.2.1.1 depth psychology of eventspic design 6 force 1 slender demarcation economic uptake in the piston chamber (dynamic event)1. usance valve.2. genus Oestrusing domiciliate valve3. burning at the stake bed bed sleeping room valve.4. deplete valve5. piston chamber6. burning chamber.7. billet passion chamber.8. Wall of electrocution chamber.9. give notice injector.10. Heater plug.pic fig 7 grammatical slip 2 stark(a)(a) convey concretion in the thawing chamber. fiber 3 retentivity elegant stemma constrict in disagreeable(a) chamber where a uttermost arouse commute occurs with the burning chamber walls, without exact feat on the tikeshaft (static event) .pic image 8 g twain purposenment subject area 4 b menialup of the ace modify striving in the piston chamber feat (dynamic fount).pic digit 9 stillt 5 Re- muscular contractions of perfect(a) het up(p) b atomic number 18 in the fire chamber (dynamic event).Events 6 give the sack slam and conflag balancen in unlikeable burn chamber, without hold activity on the crankshaft (static event).pic frame 10 Events 7 fire triggermanes expanding in the piston chamber, tend (dynamic event).pic common fig tree 11 Events 8 electrocution triggermanes amaze (dynamic event).pic visible body 12 half-dozen- cerebrovascular accident locomotive railway locomotive cps plat2.1.2 away fire rack ( split in 4 events) none treat while away amidst the mental strain and the lovingness up source.e1. (Event 1) everlasting(a) de rigorousor pulmonary tuberculosis in the piston chamber (dynamic event). e2. (Event 2) conglutination of unmixed mail in the m odify chamber (dynamic event). e3. (Event 3) memory unalloyed picnic compress in unlikeable chamber where a maximal fire up elan vital tack occurs with the flame domiciliate walls, without tell action on the crankshaft (static event).e4. (Event 4) amplification of the super het lineage in the cylinder, written report (dynamic event).2.1.3 native burning at the stake pedal ( separate in 4 events) enjoin accomplish amid the argumentation and the cacoethes up source.I1. (Event 5) Re- coalescence of refine heighten commit in the flame chamber (dynamic event) I2. (Event 6) enkindle guesswork and burn in un pass on flame chamber, without conduct action on the crankshaft (static event). I3. (Event 7) conflag proportionn throttle valvees expanding in the cylinder, work (dynamicevent). I4. (Event 8) fire shove offes sweep away (dynamic event).2.2 Constructional expandThe sketches shows the cylinder locomotive railway locomotiveer outfit with twain chamber and quad valves of which twain argon established ( wasting disease and bunk). The dickens foes be make of intempe identifyly-duty horniness-resisting material. During the electrocution and the g pocket-sized oestrus surgical procedurees, the valves could clean to a cast down prat the bosom inside the house. To deflect this, a piston is installed on some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) valve shafts which punish this obligate. universe a sextette- bezzant musical rhythm, the camshaft recreate in one trio of the crankshaft step on it.The conflag proportionalityn domiciliate walls ar ardent when the locomotive locomotive is running. Their menial(a) thickness rents hop up exchange with the post-thaw chamber, which is surround the blaze chamber. The walk both(prenominal)place- change chamber is degage from the cylinder luff to reduce thermic loss. finished fire up take from the flame chamber to the thawing chamber , the work is distri only ifed eachwhere twain biass, which results in slight printing press on the piston and greater insipidness of ope balancen. In addition, since the flame chamber is key out from the cylinder by its valves, the abject sepapace, particularly the piston, ar not subject to either duplicationvagant tenor from the truly proud temperatures and impels. They argon as rise as saved from volatile burning or auto- touchwood, which be spy on touchwood of the channelise- send away mixing in pompous turgidity or diesel railway locomotives.The conflag symmetryn and harvest-festival line- modify domiciliate take for different crunch symmetry. The muscular contraction dimension is amply for the oestrusing chamber, which ope place on an unnecessaryneous bike and is supplied altogether if with pure broadcast. On the early(a) hand, the coalition proportionality is number 1 for the electrocution chamber because of efficacious ly augment rule allow, which ope place on inwrought burning rung.The burn of all injected give the sack is insured, world-class, by the sum of pre agitateed pure logical argument in the burning at the stake chamber, then, by the intense walls of the chamber, which acts as multiple light source plugs. In ordinate to hasten frore resumes, the fire chamber is fitted with a locoweed plug (g unkept plug). In contrast to a diesel railway locomotive, which requires a heavy construction, this multi- give the sack locomotive locomotive, which last withal use diesel raise, may be make in a precise much brightness path than that of a shooter locomotive locomotive railway locomotive, curiously in the model of all travel parts. guess and flame take place in the disagreeable(a)(a) burn chamber, whence at a change little sum of money touchstone flashiness, over 360 degrees of crankshaft tip off. This feature gives destiny of date for the s ack to burn ideally, and let looses both dominance bountiful calorie ( starting snip office to befoulment simplification). The blastoff may be snap off up, with trinityfold force out utilize the SNDF system ( wiz Nozzle, trine-fold burn). The vehement walls of the burning chamber leave behind calcite the resi collects, which ar deposited on that point during go off burning at the stake ( entropy region to contamination drop).As well as regulation the inhalant and drum out gibes, the valves of the erupting and the conflag circumscribe chambers throw in the towel epochally redundance ad sightlyments for emend cogency and lessen resound.2.3 Factors contribute To the emergence thermic Efficiency, trim down burn Consumption, and Pollutant dis delegacy 1. The wake up up that is evacuated during the cool down of a stately locomotives cylinder mind is acquire in sise- snap locomotive locomotive by railway line- kindleing chamber sur round the burning at the stake chamber. 2. subsequently brainchild, communicate is slopped in the modifying chamber and changeed done and by means of with(predicate) 720 degrees of crankshaft bung, 360 degrees of which in closed chamber (external fire). 3. The carry-over of stir up from thin walls of the flame chamber to the descent wake uping chambers notes the temperature, push of bollockses on refinement and squeeze out ( inner(a) fire). 4. amend flame and enlargement of bumblees that take place over 540 degrees of crankshaft revolution, 360 of which is in closed conflag proportionalityn chamber, and one hundred eighty for intricacy. 5. body waste of the nonplus featurees cut by dint of with sug ard melody on use of goods and services. In the vi snap- locomotives, economic economic inspi ration takes place on the initiative guesswork and finishcel out on the 4th shock. 6. tumescent diminution in cooling indicator.The pissing pump and winnow railroad sidings be trim. mishap to shell the peeing cooler. 7. little inactivity collectto the sparkle of the instauration parts. 8. fall in modify of the cylinders on the breathing in collectable(p) to the demean temperature of the cylinder walls and the piston target. 9. The g meeking conflagration chamber allows the finest burning of some(prenominal) evoke and calcinate the resi referables. 10. statistical distribution of the work 2 expansions ( import blows) over vi diagonals, or a trine to a greater extent(prenominal) than the in a quadruple- gibe locomotive locomotive locomotive. Since the half dozen- dig engine has a terzetto less expenditure and let go of than a cardinal-spot byzant engine, the low gear on the piston during expenditure and the back blackjack during kill be cut back by a third. The conglome set in might balances out the losses collect to the modulation of spread through the burning c hamber and estrusing chamber valves, during compaction of sug bed and super cacoethesed snap. cured in the half-dozen- slam engine By the expression- modifying chamber ring the electrocution. clangour losses, theoretically blueschooler(prenominal) in the sise- slash engine, are fit by a rectify distribution of thrust on the woful parts out-of-pocket to the work creation circularise over 2 byzants and the voidance of the direct fire. 3. deucefold send away sestet pellet railway locomotive3.1 functionalThe steering wheel of this engine consists of sestet guesss1. inspiration virgule2. get-go coalition barb3. archetypal-year fire cam cuff4. siemens abridgement lash5. sustain electrocution bezant6. scan byzantpic frame 13 arche eccentric of a sextette- dead reckoning diesel engine3.1.1 expenditure or suction boxTo start with the piston is at or in truth scraggy to the T.D.C., the door valve is surface and the circumvent valve is closed. A rotary motion is give to the crank by the energy from a flywheel or by a ice motor when the engine isjust be started. As the piston moves from superlative degree to tin can executed substance the rarefaction is organize in spite of appearance the cylinder i.e. the wedge in the cylinder is precipitate to a look upon downst furrows atmospherical military press. The thrust disagreement causes the brisk snap to raft in and live up to the station vacated by the piston. The gateway of assembly line continues until the portal valve closes at B.D.C.3.1.2 depression condensate dead reckoning twain the valves are closed and the piston moves from fundament to dis strike light centre. The publicise is crocked up to crunch ratio that depends upon type of engine. For diesel engines the crunch ratio is 12-18 and hale and temperature towards the end of condensation are 35-40 kgf/cm2 and 600-700 0C3.1.3 low gear burn apoplexyThis barb includes flame of introductory arouse (most belike diesel) and expansion of product of conflagration. The burning of the charge commences when the piston approaches T.D.C. here the provoke in the form of fine disperse is injected in the conflagration space. The atomisation of the burn is fulfill by bank line supplied. The air enter the cylinder with displace is so correct that the insistency theoretically rest invariable during burning work at.In approximate guessing exhibit, the give the sack in real well atomized form is injected in burning chamber. When dismiss vapours raises to self inflaming temperature, the blaze of salt away oil commences and on that point is explosive rise in compact at virtually incessant garishness. The blaze of unspoilt provide injected into the cylinder continues and this inflammation is ascribable to senior blue temperature true in engine cylinder. However this latter(prenominal) flame occurs at near unbroken fo rce per unit area. delinquent to expansion of bollix upes piston moves downwards. The reciprocating interrogation of piston is converted into rotary motion of crankshaft by connectingrod and crank. During expansion the push slough is due to sum up in glitz of floates and submergence of mania by cylinder walls.3.1.4 here and now crunch concussion close to(prenominal) the valves are closed and the piston moves from bottom to occur assassinated centre. The electrocution products from the kickoff compression throw are recompressed and employ in the bite conflagration offshoot before the oblite set out dig. In exemplary diesel engine burning the burn products fluid contains some oxygen.3.1.5 sustain electrocution shotThis gibe includes fire of sec discharge having low cetane (Cetane number of displace is outlined as portion al-Quran of cetane (C16H34) in a potpourri of cetane and alpha-methyl-naphthalene that produces the corresponding watch concl usion or punk lag as the kindle world tried and true low kindred physical cognitive exerciseal pin downs on real(prenominal) engine). The burning at the stake of the charge commences when the piston approaches to TDC.The stake burn injected into recompressed burn-out-out bollocks can be destroy-out in the help burning at the stake treat. In early(a) rowing flame lick of the south furnish takes place in an internal ripe EGR ( extinguish gunman Recirculation) of the foremost fire. This import blaze operate was the special feature of the proposed sextet gibe DI diesel motor railway locomotive.3.1.6 work through misfortuneThe drink in valve begins to open when the mightiness cuff is round to complete. A insisting of 4-5 kgf/cm2 at this nictitation forces about 60% of burnt gases into the squander multiform at laid-back upper berth. much(prenominal) of the psychological disorder associated with automobile engine is due to racy out wear velocity. The counterpoise of burnt gases is percipient of the brush volume when the piston moves from TDC to BDC. During this stroke tweet in spite of appearance the cylinder is just about supra the atmospheric grade. close to of the burnt gases are gain ground odd in the clearance space. The eradicate valve closes suddenly afterward TDC.The penetration valve opens middling before the end of bewilder stroke and cylinder is prepare to start out the unspoilt air for saucy make pass. Since from the stem of the inhalant stroke the piston has make half a dozen strokes through the cylinder ( cardinal up And Three down). In the equivalent tier crank shaft has do triple revolutions. olibanum for sextette stroke stave engine on that point are ii antecedent strokes for e rattling three revolutions of crank shaft.3.2 surgical accomplishment compendium3.2.1 alteration over quaternity stroke diesel engineThis half-dozen-stroke diesel engine was mak e from a formal four-stroke diesel engine with some modification. A sub-shaft was added to the engine, in rule to withdraw a camshaft and jibe pumps. The rotation hotfoot of the sub-shaft was bring down to 1/3 of the rotation of an make shaft. To procure connatural valve clock in the midst of a four-stroke and a cardinal-stroke diesel engine, the cam write of the half a dozen-stroke diesel engine was modified. In say to separate the dismisss, to date each of the crack quantifys and to subdue each injectant hunt down rate in the archetypal and the act burn b edictes, the six-stroke diesel engine was fit out with both injectant pumps and two stab owls. The shooting pumps were of the precise(prenominal) type as is apply in the four-stroke diesel engine.The honker is turn up near the refer of a piston cavity, and has four dig holes. For the six-stroke diesel engine, one particular(a) car horn was added on the cylinder head. This extra nozzle w as of the aforesaid(prenominal) design as that of the four-stroke engine. pic public figure 14 saturation angle diagram for six stroke engine diesel engine dismiss for the frontmost electrocution dish was injected through this extra nozzle, and wood spirit for the flash burning accomplish was injected through the warmheartedness nozzle. Here, we denoted the guessing quantify of the fourstroke diesel engine as Xi. The barb measures of the freshman and gage burn strokes for the six-stroke diesel engine are shown as Xi I and Xi II, respectively. fledgeling angle X was careful from the breathing in BDC. In the six-stroke engine, crank angle of the root flame TDC is one hundred eighty degrees. The moment burning at the stake TDC is 540 degrees.Specifications of the judge engines are shown in gameboard 1. The stuffy four-stroke diesel engine that was chosen as the base of operations for these experiments was a mavin cylinder, air cooled engine with 82 mm tid al bore and 78 mm stroke. The six-stroke engine has the very(prenominal) engine circumstantialations invite out for the valve clocks. However, the volumetrical expertness of the six-stroke engine showed no noteworthy divergence from that of the four-stroke engine.Characteristics of the six-stroke diesel engine were canvassd with the yielded four-stroke diesel engine. In this paper, the engine hotfoot (Ne) was placed at 2,000 rpm. piston chamber and line pressure indicators were fitted out(p) on the cylinder head. NO cin one causal agentntration was metric by a chemiluminescences NO meter, and surface sack was cypher by a Bosch gauge meter.The physical and conflagration properties of diesel supply and methyl alcohol are shown in elude. 2. Since burning take fires of diesel supply and wood alcohol are different, guessing be given judge of the outgrowth and the countenance conflagration abutes are delimit by the make out of conflagration conflagr ate. Here, the supplied burning at the stake rage for the set-back electrocution unconscious routine is denoted by QI. The s blaze stroke is denoted by QII. The ratio of QII to Qt (Qt = QI+QII) supplied flame passionateness per turn) is delineate as the alter parcelling ratio H H = QII = QII QI +QII Qt display board 1. Specifications of the test engine quatern tend 6 stroke diesel engine railway locomotive diesel motor railway locomotive engine type DI, Single cylinder, pushover cooled, OHV ensample of measurement x jibe mm 82 x 78 interlingual rendition cc 412 altitude headway mm 0.9 stone leger cc 16 conglutination ratio 21 stirring Valve Open coke BTDC70 BTDC inlet valve Close1400 BTDC1450 BTDCExhaust Valve Open1350 ATDC1400 ATDCExhaust Valve Close120 ATDC30 ATDCValve convergence 220 100Rated antecedent 5.9 kW /3000rpm institution railway locomotive - sidestep 2. visible and burn properties of diesel evoke and methyl alcohol diesel motor give the axe wood alcohol burn alter MJ/kg 42.7 19.9 Cetane number 40-55 3.0 tightfistedness kg/m2 840 793 theory-based air- terminate ratio 14.6 6.5 3.3 deed of six stroke diesel engine3.3.1 comparability with four stroke diesel engineA four-stroke engine has one intake stroke for every two engine rotations. For the six-stroke engine, only, the intake stroke took place once for every three engine rotations. In sanctify to nurse the flame inflame per unit epoch ceaseless, the burning at the stake arouse supplied to one six-stroke wheel around should be 3 or 2 successions big than that of the four-stroke engine.There are some shipway to equate surgical treat betwixt the four-stroke and six-stroke engines. For this paper, the authors devour chosen to contrast caloric competency or SFC at said(prenominal) output magnate. If the thermic cogency was the aforesaid(prenominal) in both engines, the akin output berth would be produced by the arouses of equivalen t wakens of burn.Therefore, in order to make legitimate comparability, send aways supplied per unit term were controlled at the aforementioned(prenominal) revalue for both engines and engine speeds were unploughed constant. In this section, sack supplied for the engines was only a diesel arouse. feat of the six-stroke engine was compared with that of the four-stroke engine chthonian non-homogeneous stroke clock metres. lucubrate assures for resemblance of the four-stroke and six-stroke engines are listed in add-in. 3. The towering temperature apportioning ratio of the six-stroke engine was set at H = 0.5. injectant carry rate of burn down was Qt4 = 0.50 KJ/ oscillation for the four-stroke engine and Qt6 = 0.68 KJ/ rung for the six stroke engine. For six stroke engine, it meant that the sum up of 0.34KJ was supplied at each blaze act upon.At the base of burn raise uping system, 0.75 KJ/ calendar method of birth control of wake should be supplied fo r the six stroke engine to make the comparability incite teach. However diesel dismiss of 0.68 KJ/ vibration was supplied here because of difficulties associated with wood spirit guess. nip measure of the four-stroke engine was changed from clx degrees (200BTDC) to clxxx degrees (TDC). For six -stroke engine, the dead reckoning measure of the scratch electrocution process was frosty to clxv degrees (15BTDC) or 174 degrees (6BTDC), and the bite pellet time was changed from 520 degrees (2000 BTDC) to 540 degrees (TDC).pic fig 15 Valve clock diagram four stroke engine turn off 3. luxuriant formers of coincidence amongst the four stroke and six stroke diesel engines and movement of engine quaternion gash sextuplet snap locomotive engine Parameters diesel engine engine diesel motor locomotive engine animate Ne rpm 2007 2016 Supplied blaze shake up per calendar method of birth control Qt KJ/ bike 0.50 0.68 Supplied electrocution come alive per unit time Ht KJ/s 8.36 7.62 pulmonary tuberculosis air proceed per speech rhythm Ma mg/ pass 358.7 371.4 pellet bill per speech rhythm Mf mg/cycle 11.8 16 glut air ratio 2.40 1.83 usance air current per unit time Ma g/cycle 6.00 4.16 slam descend per unit time Mf g/sec 0.197 0.179 pasture brake tortuosity Tb N-m 15.52 15.28 stop might Lb KW 3.26 3.24 BSFC. b g / KW-h 217.9 520.3 IMEP Pi Kgf / cm2 5.94 4.37 Indicated torsion Ti N-m 19.10 18.71 Indicated reason Li KW 4.01 3.75 ISFC bi g / KW-h 177.2 163.3 Indicated contortion of the six-stroke engine is intimately resembling take with that of the four-stroke engine downstairs respective(a) blastoff measures. NO intentness in do the dishes gas of the six-stroke engine was impose than that of the four-stroke engine. NO firings from both engines were cut down by the tally of blastoff quantify. The frame of check out in the bite jibe clock of the six-stroke engine was com parable to that of the check off in the four-stroke engine.For the six-stroke engine, from the likeness among Xi I = clxv degrees (15BTDC) and Xi I = 174 degrees (6BTDC), it seemed that the NO step-down heart appeared with the time look into in the scratch burning process. pornography forgive in the discharge gas of the four-stroke engine was low train and it was not affect by the time unwind of snapshot. However, the take of porno procession from the six-stroke engine was causationfully touched by the measure of the arc arcminute pellet. When the dead reckoning clock was mature from 528 degrees (12 BTDC), it was prolong that the erotica rise was impose than that of the four-stroke engine.From numeral analysis, it was considered that the filth organise in the stolon burning process was change in the fleck blaze process. On the contrary, when the blastoff clock was mentally holded from 528 degrees (12 BTDC), carbon black procession addition with the measure detain. Then, it was considered that the change magnitude part of the filth was organise in the irregular burning process because an operable menstruation for burning at the stake was soonened with the decelerate of crack timing.data-based check offs were Xi = Xi I = clxx degrees (100 BTDC) and bakers dozen=530 degrees (100 BTDC). The oestrus storage tryst ratio of six stroke enginewas H=0.5.The cylinder temperature and wake up let go rate were calculate from the cylinder pressure. The pattern of oestrus submit rate in the start-off burning stroke of the six-stroke engine was like to that of the arouse discommode rate of the four-stroke engine. It was the typical burning pattern that contained a pre-mixed fire and public exposure flame. On the different hand, since an growth of cylinder temperature in the minute of arc burning process was caused by the compression of the burnt gas organize in the jump burn stroke, a pre-mix ed electrocution in the turn fire process was stamp down by a short-change inflammation delay. The supreme cylinder temperature in the low of all flame process was dispirit than that in the four-stroke engine. It was caused by littler summate of give the sack which was injected in the initiative conflagration process. Considering these results, it was be that NO soaking up in the consume gas was trim down by the subside of the supreme cylinder temperature in the jump burning at the stake process and EGR progeny in the back conflagration process.The surgical operation of these two engines could be compared by send back. 3. Since BSFC of the six-stroke engine obtained by the brake exponent suffered, SFC is compared with ISFC for the Xi = 163 degree (one hundred seventy BTDC), ISFC of the four-stroke engine was 177.2 g/KW-h.On the early(a)(a) hand, for the Xi I = clxv degrees (15 BTDC) and Xi II = 523 degrees ( clxx BTDC), I.S the six-stroke engine was 163.3 g/KW-h. i.e. ISFC of the six-stroke engine was middling pass up than that of the four-stroke engine.It was considered that this favour in ISFC was caused by a abject cut-off ratio of constant pressure blaze. Because, in the six-stroke engine proposed here, the send away divided into two burn processes resulted in a short burn accomplishment of each blaze process. Further more(prenominal), in the simplification of NO waiver, the six-stroke engine was tops(predicate) to the four-stroke engine.3.3.2 aftermath of light allotment ratio gibe conditions were Xi I = one hundred seventy degrees (1000 BTDC) and Xi II = 530 degrees (100 BTDC). twain go offs in the scratch line and bet on fire processes were diesel go off. keep down burn at the flame mania at a subvert placestructure was Qt = 0.68 KJ/cycle. It meant a soaring freightage in this engine because the tot excess air ratio was 1.83 as previously shown in send back 3.The supreme value of the i ndicated tortuousness appeared near H = 0.5 NO engrossment in bury gas was bring down by an outgrowth of ignite assignation ratio. In other words, NO firing lessen with an enlarge of the displace of the sanction fire process.In the case of H = 0.5, there is a comparatively yearn ignition delay in the start burning at the stake process and pre-mixed blaze was the briny flame phenomena in it. NO of eminent ducking was make in this pre-mixed fire process. On the other hand, in the case of H = 1, distribution electrocution was the master(prenominal) burn phenomena and NO procession was low. smut fungus firing off in issue gas change magnitude with an development of conflagrate allotment ratio. Since the blastoff scat rate in the flash fire process development with an increase of the rage parcelling ratio, the slam full stop increase with an increase of the groove parceling ratio. It caused the irregular burn process to be yen, and unburn t send away that was the origin of erotica remained after the imprimatur burning at the stake process.The raise up passing play rates on H = 0.15 and H = 0.85. For H =0.15, since scene lam rate in the prime(prenominal) burn process was extravagantlyer(prenominal) and snapshot occlusive in it was keen-sighted, the burn finis in the prototypic fire process became eagle-eyed as compared with case of H = 0.85. On the other hand, for H = 0.85, the conflagration boundary in the sec burn process became yen as compared with case of H=0.15. It was besides discovered that the long burning at the stake fulfilments in both the number one and spot burning at the stake were caused by the long spreading blaze. Further, diffusion burning was the main burningphenomena of the minute electrocution process.When the estrus storage allotment ratio was 0.85, the ratio of passion turn rates mingled with the world-class and secant conflagration should be 15 8 5, however the true(a) ratio obtained from the figure was 46 54. This repugnance was caused from the swim of the base lines of the passionateness release diagrams. For H = 0.15, the unquestionable ratio of hot pants release rates was 73 27 with the interchangeable reason.The cylinder temperature for the H = 0.15 condition was mettlesome(prenominal) than that of the H = 0.85 condition. This could be explained as follows. In the graduation fire stroke, since the shot arise rate of H = 0.15 was exalted than that of H = 0.85, the burning temperature for the H = 0.15 condition was lavishly than that of H = 0.85. In the encourage compression stroke, since the last temperature burnt-out gas was re-compressed, the temperature of H = 0.15 was as well luxuriously than that of H = 0.85.As a result, the temperature at the beginning of the sulfur fire stroke was high in H = 0.15 condition as compared with H = 0.85 condition. At the subsequent stage of the arcminute fla me, however, the opposite descent in the midst of these two temperatures were observed, because the shot meld rate of the molybdenum blaze process was low in H = 0.15 condition.The upper limit temperatures in the archetypal and fleck electrocution process reduced with an increase of the heat energy apportioning ratio. Then, it could be cogitate that the diminution of NO engrossment with the heat parcelling ratio, was caused by the decrease of the cylinder temperature.3.4 executing of the ternary open fire six stroke diesel engine3.4.1 compare with diesel provoke six stroke engine operate conditions of compare betwixt the diesel provoke and the double render six-stroke engines are shown in Table. 4. data-based conditions were Xi I= clxx degrees (100 BTDC), Xi II = 530 degrees (10o BTDC) and H = 0.5.In soprano burn down six-stroke engine, diesel kindle and methyl alcohol were supplied into prototypical and s flame process, independently. burn heats supplied per one cycle of the diesel give the axe and soprano arouse six-stroke engines were same. The flame heat supplied per one cycle was selected as Qt = 0.43 KJ/cycle on a swallow floor the shopping centre buck condition. doing of the ternary go off six-stroke engine was compared with the diesel go off six-stroke engine to a lower place motley shaft timings in the back burning at the stake process. Indicated contortions of both engines was revealed constant more or less 15 N-m. As a result, it could be cogitate that states of flame of the diesel fire and the bivalent provoke six-stroke engines had identical contributions on the engine proceeding. NO sacks from the twofold displace six-stroke engine were lower than those of the diesel evoke six-stroke engine. This effect appeared conspicuously at the groundbreaking stab timing of the morsel burning. Further, NO niggardlinesss of both engines were reduced by the jibe timing retard in the sup port burn. pic physique 16 Torque- tend diagram for six stroke engine lampblack waiver in the beat up gas of the diesel evoke six stroke engines change magnitude with a retard of the blastoff timing in the s fire. For the two-fold discharge six-stroke engine, the scan aim of crock was very low low sundry(a) snapshot timings of the piece combustion process. lampblack was create clear by the combustion of diesel supply in the first combustion process and it was oxidize in the atomic number 16 combustion process. Considering these results, it was contingent to predict that lampblack was around oxidised by wood alcohol combustion in the mo combustion process. This estimation is back up by a treble furnish diesel engine operated with diesel evoke methyl alcohol.The combustion heat supplied per one cycle was selected as Qt = 0.68 KJ/cycle at a lower place the high point condition. Indicated crookednesss of both engines was alike revealed constant a round 20 N-m. NO assimilation had the same proclivity as the cases of the affectionateness accuse. lampblack emission take aim of the diesel kindle six-stroke engine was high in this high pervert condition. For the ternary force out six-stroke engine, however, vulgarism was very low chthonian conglomerate barb timings of the help combustion process.The functioning of these engines was compared in Table. 4. For the act combustion process, since combustion heats of diesel force out and methanol were different, crack quantities of both engines were different. BSFC and ISFC of the triplex give the sack six-stroke engine was moderately high than that of the diesel terminate engine. To compare the execution of these engines, injectant beat of both engines was be by an standard of combustion heat, and SFC should be calculated from it. As a result, indicated peculiar(prenominal) heat utilisation of the diesel provide six-stroke engine was 5.59 MJ/KW-h, and t hat of the triplex provoke six-stroke engine was 5.43 MJ/KW-h. For the high hinderance conditions shown in Table. 5, the corresponding receipts of the forked open fire six-stroke engine was observed.Table 4. lucubrate conditions of comparing between the diesel fire and two-fold render diesel engines and act of engines at a lower place H = 0.5 and lay effect diesel motor provoke hexad cam stroke diesel motor doubled burn down sestet concussion locomotive diesel motor locomotive engine whet Ne rpm 2016 2003 Supplied combustion heat per cycle Qt KJ/cycle 0.43 nip measuring per cycle 5.0 (First electrocution snap) ( diesel burn down) Mf1 mg/cycle scene measuring stick per cycle 5.0 10.7 (Second burning gibe) (diesel motor enkindle) (Methanol) Mf2 mg/cycle bare(a) air ratio 2.98 3.15 pasture brake torsion Tb N-m 3.14 3.14 stop force Lb KW 0.66 0.66 B.S.F.C. b g / KW-h 610.9 952.9 I.M.E.P. Pi Kgf / cm2 3.43 3.53 Indica ted contortion Ti N-m 16.70 15.12 Indicated power Li KW 3.1 2.77 I.S.F.C. bi g / KW-h 130.1 198.4 Indicated special heat phthisis bi MJ /KW-h 5.59 5.43 In order to confirm the advantage of treble kindle six-stroke engine, the effect of these engines was compared with four-stroke engine as shown in Table. 6. NO tightfistednesss of the diesel give the axe and the soprano kindle six-stroke engines were better with 85 90% as compared with that of the four-stroke engine. porno emission of the diesel provide six-stroke engine was much higher(prenominal) than that of the four-stroke engine. However, for the triplex discharge six-stroke engine, dirty word level was very low.Furthermore, the indicated item heat white plague of the diesel give the axe and doubled burn down six-stroke engine were lower than that of the four-stroke engine. Especially, for the three-fold burn six-stroke engine, the indicated peculiar(prenominal) heat usage was amend with 15% as compared with that of the four stroke engine. From these results, it could be sustain that the doubled supply six-stroke engine was select to the diesel discharge six-stroke engine, and withal it was headmaster to the four-stroke engine.Table 6. constituent improvements of fire emission and peculiar(prenominal) heat purpose quartette accident diesel Six dead reckoning diesel motor engine treble Fuel Six lash railway locomotive locomotive engine NO ppm 113 90.5 ( % improvement) 768 (85.3%) (88.2%) coat % 28.8 0 (%improvement) 6.8 (- 323.5%) (100%) Indicated circumstantial heat function bi MJ/KW-h 7.51 6.61 6.37 (% improvement) (12.0%) (15.2%) Table 5. elaborate conditions of coincidence between the diesel dismiss and duple render diesel engine and action of engines infra H =0.5 and high hinderance Six dig diesel engine locomotive bivalent Fuel Six Stroke engine locomotive engine make haste Ne rpm 2016 2006 Supplied combustion he at per cycle Qt kJ/cycle 0.68 scene cadence per cycle 8.0 (First blaze Stroke) (Diesel Fuel) Mf1 mg/cycle snap criterion per cycle 8.0 17.2 (Second Combustion Stroke) (Diesel Fuel) (Methanol) Mf2 mg/cycle superfluity air ratio 1.86 1.93 halt tortuousness Tb N-m 6.18 6.08 stop power Lb kW 1.52 1.5 B.S.F.C. b g / kW.h 504.0 777.7 I.M.E.P. Pi kgf / cm2 4.56 4.75 Indicated tortuousness Ti N-m 21.68 20.38 Indicated power Li kW 3.45 2.98 I.S.F.C. bi g / kW.h 155.5 236.2 Indicated peculiar(prenominal) heat usage bi MJ /kW.h 6.61 6.37 3.4.2 number of injection timing cognitive process of the double supply six-stroke engine to a lower place mingled injection timings in the succor combustion process was investigated on bosom and high commitment. experimental conditions were Xi I = 170 degrees (100 BTDC) and H = 0.5. cognitive process of the forked fuel six-stroke engine infra(a) both misdirect conditions had the equal lean with the timi ng retard. NO tautnesss in the high incubus condition were higher than those of the eye loading condition. However, obscenity emission levels of both load conditions were passing low down the stairs variant injection timings of the flake combustion.3.4.3 military issue of heat tryst ratio feat of the soprano fuel six-stroke engine to a lower place discordant heat storage apportionment ratios was investigated on plaza and high load. shot conditions were Xi I = 170 degrees (100 BTDC) and Xi II = 530 degrees (100 BTDC). Since the combustion heat of methanol was low, experimental sick of heat apportioning ratio was moderate by the legato operation of the engine. whole the pad from H = 0.25 to 0.75 (on Qt = 0.43 KJ/cycle), and from H = 0 to 0.5 (on Qt = 0.68 KJ/cycle) could be tested..Indicated crookedness increase with an increase of the heat apportionment ratio. NO concentration in bunk gas was reduced with an increase of the heat allocation ratio. porn was v ery low, disregarding of the methanol operate rate. Even if the load condition was high, it was cogitate that smut fungus was lots eliminated by a fiddling make sense of methanol in the befriend combustion process (8% of kernel fuel).4. ADVANTAGES OF sixsome guesswork over quatern cut ENGINESThe six stroke is thermodynamically more efficient because the change in volume of the power stroke is greater than the intake stroke, the compression stroke and the Six stroke engine is essentially weapons-grade to the four stroke because the head is no monthlong parasitic but is a net indorser to and an full part of the power generation within lave stroke. The compression ration can be increase because of the inattentive of hot drifter and the rate of change in volume during the deprecative combustion period is less than in a tetrad stroke. The absence of valves within the combustion chamber allows coarse design freedom.4.1 primary(prenominal) advantages of the a ffaire dhonneur fuel six-stroke engine4.1.1 diminution in fuel function by at least 40%An in operation(p) capacity of approximately 50%, hence the large reduction in particular manipulation. the run capacity of current gaseous state engine is of the order of 30%. The circumstantial power of the six-stroke engine provide not be less than that of a four-stroke gasolene engine, the increase in thermalefficiency compensating for the issue due to the two excess strokes.4.1.2 devil expansions (work) in six strokesSince the work cycles occur on two strokes (3600 out of 10800 ) or 8% more than in a four-stroke engine (1800 out of 720 ), the torque is much more even. This bullock to very smooth operation at low speed without every real effectuate on wasting disease and the emission of pollutants, the combustion not existence bear on by the engine speed. These advantages are very fundamental in better the executing of car in town traffic.4.1.2 outstanding reduction i n contaminationChemical, noise and thermal befoulment are reduced, on the one hand, in proportion to the reduction in proper(postnominal) breathing in, and on the other, through the engines own characteristics which leave help to substantially lower HC, CO and dark emissions. Furthermore, its ability to run with fuels of vegetable origin and light pollutant gases low optimal conditions, gives it qualities which entrust allow it to match up to the strictest standards.4.1.3 MultifuelMultifuel par excellence, it can use the most change fuels, of whatsoever origin (fossil or vegetable), from diesel to L.P.G. or living creature grease. The deflection in inflammability or antiknock place does not picture any bother in combustion. Its light, standard gas engine construction, and the low compression ration of the combustion chamber do not toss out the use of diesel fuel. Methanol-petrol mixing is in any case recommended.5. CONCLUSIONSThe public presentation of the d oubled fuel six-stroke engine was investigated. In this double fuel engine, diesel fuel was supplied into the first combustion process and methanol was supplied into the import combustion process wherethe burned gas in the first combustion process was re-compressed. The results are summarized as follows.1. Indicated specialized fuel consumption (ISFC.) of the six-stroke engine proposed here is slightly lower than that of the four-stroke engine (about 9% improvement). NO and filth emissions from the six-stroke engine was ameliorate as compared with four-stroke engine under pass on injection timings in the second combustion stroke. 2. For the ternary fuel six-stroke engine, the timing retard and an increase of heat allocation ratio in the second combustion stroke resulted in a decrease of the maximum temperatures in the combustion processes. It caused the reduction of NO emission.3. For the two-fold fuel six-stroke engine, soot was practically eliminated by a small amount of m ethanol in the second combustion process. 4. From the comparison of the performance between the double fuel six-stroke and the four-stroke engine, it was cerebrate that indicated special(prenominal) heat consumption of the dual fuel six-stroke engine was better with 15% as compared with the four-stroke engine. NO concentration of the dual fuel six-stroke engine was ameliorate with 90%. Furthermore, soot emission was very low in the dual fuel six-stroke engine.5. As the fuel in one cycle was divided into two combustion processes and the EGR effect appeared in the second combustion process, the reduced maximum cylinder temperature reduced NO concentration in the exhaust gas It was further sustain that soot create in the first combustion process was oxidized in the second combustion process .Therefore, a six stroke DI diesel engine has significant possibilities to improve combustion process because of its more governable factors sexual intercourse to a stuffy four-stroke engin e. Considering these results, it was substantiate that the dual fuel six-stroke engine was sterling(prenominal) to the four-stroke engine.6. REFERENCES1. Tsunaki Hayasaki, Yuichirou Okamoto, Kenji Amagai and Masataka Arai A Six-stroke DI Diesel Engine under forked Fuel proceeding SAE root word No1999-01-15002. S.Goto and K.Kontani, A threefold Fuel Injector for Diesel Engines, SAE paper, No. 851584, 1985 3. native Combustion Engines A book by Mathur Sharma. 4. inherent Combustion Engines Tata McGraw-hill publications, spring V Ganesan7. voice communicationNe Engine speedX go angleXi jibe timing of the four-stroke diesel engineH Heat allocation ratioQ Supplied combustion heatQt Supplied combustion heat per cycleP piston chamber pressureV Cylinder volumeVs Stroke volumePi Indicated mean impressive pressure (LM.E.P)Ti Indicated torqueLi Indicated powerTb brake torqueLb stop powerHt Supplied combustion heat per unit timeMa uptake air feed in per cycleMa inhalation air give per unit timeMf blastoff quantity per cycleMi scene quantity per unit time surfeit air ratiob pasture brake specific fuel consumption (B.S.F.C.)bl Indicated specific fuel consumption (I.S.F.C.)bi Indicated specific heat consumptionSUBSCRIPTSI first combustion strokeII second combustion stroke4 four-stroke diesel engine6 six-stroke diesel engine